Study on improvement effect of total flavonoids from Matricaria recutita on lipid deposition in HepG 2 cells / 中国药房

O BJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory effect of total fla vonoids of Matricaria recutita on lipid abnormalities in human hepatoma HepG 2 cells and its lipid-lowering mechanism. METHODS The high-content total flavonoids extract from M. recutita was isolated and purified by macroporous resin. HepG 2 cells were divided into control group （without administration ）， model group （without administration ），fenofibrate group （positive control ，3.61 μg/mL）and M. recutita total flavonoids low-dose ， medium-dose and high-dose groups （100，150 and 200 μg/mL）. Except for control group ，lipid deposition model of HepG 2 cells in other groups were established by 1 mmol/L mixture of oleic acid and palmitic acid. After 24 hours of intervention ，the levels of free fatty acids （FFA）in cell supernatant and triglyceride （TG）and FFA in cells were detected ；Oil red O staining was used to observe the deposition of lipid droplets in cells and detect the content of lipid ；DAPI staining was used to observe the protein expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2（DGAT2）in cells ，and fluorescence intensity of protein expression of DGAT 2 were also detected ； protein expressions of key enzymes of TG synthesis as acetyl CoA carboxylase （ACC），fatty acid synthase （FAS）and DGAT 2 were detected by Western blot. RESULTS After separation and purification ，the content of total flavonoids from M. recutita increased from 6.72％ to 56.20％. The results of cell experiment showed that compared with control group ，the levels of TG and FFA in cells and FFA in the cell supernatant increased significantly in the model group ，the content of lipid in cells increased significantly，the fluorescence intensity of protein expression of DGAT 2 increased significantly ，and the protein expressions of ACC，FAS and DGAT 2 increased significantly （P＜0.01）； large number of lipid dro plets were accumulated in the cells. Compared with model group ，the levels of above indexes in M. recutita total flavonoids low-dose ， medium-dose andhigh-dose groups were significantly reversed （P＜0.01）；the accumulation of lipid droplets in cells decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS M. recutita total flavonoids can inhibit the TG synthesis of lipid depos ition model HepG 2 cell，reduce the lipid accumulation of cells and prevent the lipid damage of cells. Its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the expression of ACC/FAS/DGAT 2 pathway.

Avaliação farmacognostica e da rotulagem das drogas vegetais boldo-do-chile (Peumus boldus Molina) e camomila (Matricaria recutita L. ) comercializadas em Fortaleza, CE / Pharmacognostic evaluation and analysis of labels of the medicinal plants Boldo-do-Chile (Peumus boldus Molina) and Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L. ), commercialized in Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil

RESUMO Boldo-do-chile (Peumus boldus) e camomila (Matricaria recutita) são plantas empregadas na fitoterapia principalmente para o tratamento de desordens hepáticas e intestinais, atuando também como anti-inflamatório e antiespasmódico, respectivamente. Por isso, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade farmacognostica dessas drogas vegetais comercializadas em Fortaleza (CE), além das informações de suas rotulagens. Quarenta e duas amostras de boldo, e quarenta e cinco amostras de camomila, procedentes de farmácias, de lojas de produtos naturais e de bancas de raizeiros, foram analisadas quanto à autenticidade, à pureza e às informações contidas na rotulagem desses produtos conforme legislação vigente. Na verificação de impurezas, 35,7% das amostras de boldo e 57,7% das amostras de camomila excederam o teor máximo de matéria estranha; no teor de cinzas totais, 33,3% das amostras de boldo foram reprovadas; rotulagens das amostras de boldo (100%) e de camomila (96,6%) apresentaram erros ou ausência de informações. Os resultados das análises confirmam, portanto, a necessidade urgente de melhor fiscalização e intervenção na produção e venda dessas e de outras drogas vegetais para adequação às normas vigentes.

ABSTRACT Boldo (Peumus boldus) and chamomile (Matricaria recutita) plants are mainly used in herbal medicine to treat hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases, having also anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostic quality of these herbal drugs sold in Fortaleza (CE), besides analyzing the information on their labeling. Forty-two samples of boldo, and forty-five samples of chamomile, brought from pharmacies, health food stores and newsstands were analyzed regarding their authenticity, purity, and the information contained in the labeling of the industrial products, to assure that it was in accordance with the current legislation. When verifying the impurities, 35.7% of the boldo samples and 57.7% of the chamomile ones exceeded the maximum level of strange organic matter allowed. Concerning the total ash content, 33.3% of boldo samples were rejected. The labels on the packages of boldo (100%) and chamomile (96,6%) contain errors or lack of information. The test results confirm the need for better surveillance and intervention in the production and sale of these and other drugs plants in order to meet the current standards.

Efecto in vitro de la Matricaria recutita L. sobre la respuesta de linfocitos y neutrófilos / In vitro effect of Matricaria recutita L. on Lymphocytes and Neutrophils response

La manzanilla de Castilla, dulce o cimarrona (Matricaria recutita o Matricaria chamomilla), es una planta herbácea anual de la familia de las asteráceas, nativa de Europa y de regiones templadas de Asia, que se ha naturalizado en algunas regiones de América, África y Australia. Ha sido utilizada por el hombre desde hace miles de años con diferentes fines medicinales. Se estudió el efecto in vitro de un extracto fluido de esta planta sobre los linfocitos de 20 donantes voluntarios de sangre y de 20 enfermos con diagnóstico de inmunodeficiencia celular, mediante la cuantificación de los linfocitos T por las técnicas de formación de roseta espontánea y activa y el ultramicrométodo inmunocitoquímico (UMICIQ), así como la función fagocítica (índice opsonofagocítico) de los neutrófilos. No se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los parámetros estudiados entre las condiciones experimentales con Matricaria y sin esta

Castilla Chamomile, sweet, or maroon (Matricaria recutita or Matricaria chamomilla) is an annual herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family, native to Europe and temperate zones of Asia, which has become naturalized in parts of America, Africa, and Australia. It has been used by man for thousands of years with different medicinal purposes. We studied the in vitro effect of an extract fluid of this plant on lymphocytes from 20 blood donors and 20 patients with a diagnosis of cellular immunodeficiency. We quantified T lymphocytes by the techniques of spontaneous and active rosette formation, and the immunocytochemical ultramicromethod (UMICIQ) as well as the phagocytic function (opsonophagocytic index) of neutrophils. There were no statistically significant differences in the studied parameters between experimental conditions with Matricaria and without it

German and Roman Chamomile.

Matricaria recutita L. (syn. M. chamomilla L., Chamomilla recutita L. Rauschert) is known as true chamomile or German chamomile and Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. (syn. Anthemis nobilis L.) is known as Roman chamomile. The biological activity of chamomile is mainly due to the flavonoids apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, patuletin and essential oil constituents such as α-bisabolol and its oxides and azulenes. There are several chamomile chemocultivars. Chamomile has anti-inflammatory, deodorant, bacteriostatic, antimicrobial, carminative, sedative, antiseptic, anticatarrhal and spasmolytic properties. It is used to treat sleep problems. Researchers indicated that the pharmacological effect of German chamomile is mainly connected with its essential oils. Environmental conditions and stresses can alter active substances of chamomile. This review focuses on characteristics, secondary metabolites and utilization of German and Roman chamomile.

Influencia de los bioplaguicidas en los parámetros de calidad de Calendula officinalis L y Matricaria recutita L / Biopesticides influence on the quality parameters of Calendula officinalis L and Matricaria recutita L

INTRODUCCIÓN: Calendula officinalis L y Matricaria recutita L son dos especies medicinales de gran importancia económica y social en Cuba, su cultivo con frecuencia anual se ha visto afectado por la aparición de plagas y enfermedades, con el deterioro del rendimiento de masa vegetal y en su calidad. OBJETIVOS: determinar la influencia de los bioplaguicidas en los parámetros de calidad de Calendula officinalis L y Matricaria recutita L MÉTODOS: las drogas vegetales, fueron sometidas a tratamiento con bioplaguicidas de origen botánico: (Melia azederach L y Nicotiana tabacum L) y de origen biológico: (los hongos Beauveria bassiana, Verticillun lecanii y Trichoderma viridis, con la bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis), teniendo en cuenta los bajos costos y métodos sencillos de obtención de sus extractos sin causar prejuicios al medio. Los parámetros de calidad realizados a las inflorescencias en ambas drogas vegetales después de secadas a 38 ºC y trituradas fueron: humedad, cenizas totales, sustancias solubles, aceite esencial y flavonoides totales. RESULTADOS: se comprobó que las aplicaciones por nebulización de los bioplaguicidas no evidenciaron influencia en las cenizas totales, actuaron en la superficie de los capítulos florales por la propiedad repelente o veneno contacto que poseen los bioplaguicidas empleados; se observó aumento en los flavonoides totales y en las sustancias solubles en etanol 70 por ciento en el caso de C officinalis, mientras M recutita mostró favorecidos los porcentajes de sustancias solubles en agua y aceite esencial con respecto a los testigos. CONCLUSIONES: se controló el umbral económico de infestación en estos cultivos y se favoreció la calidad de las drogas obtenidas

INTRODUCTION: Calendula officinalis L and Matricaria recutita L are two medicinal species of a great economic and social significance in Cuba, its growing with yearly frequency has been affected by appearance of plagues and diseases deteriorating the plant mass performance and its quality. OBJECTIVES: to determine the biopesticides influence on quality parameters of Calendula officinalis L and Matricaria recutita L. METHODS: the plant drugs underwent a botanical origin biopesticides treatment: (Melia azederach L and Nicotiana tabacum L) and of biological origin: (the mushrooms Beauveria bassiana, Verticillun lecanii and Trichoderma viridis with the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis), taking into account the low costs and single methods to obtain its extracts without damage the environment. The quality parameters performed to inflorescence in both plant drugs after its drying at 38 ºC and grinding were: humidity, total ashes, soluble substances, essential oil and total flavonoids. RESULTS: it was proved that applications by biopesticides nebulization have not influence on total ashes, working in surface of floral inflorescence due to repellent property or poison-contact present in biopesticides used noting an increase in total flavonoids and in soluble substances in 70 percent ethanol in the case of C officinalis whereas M recutita showed as favored the percentages of soluble substances in water and in essential oil as regards the controls. CONCLUSIONS: in these cultures the infestation economic threshold favoring the quality of drugs obtained

Efeito antiaderente do extrato da Matricaria recutita Linn. sobre microorganismos do bioflme dental / Antiadherent effect of the extract of the Matricaria recutita Linn. on microrganisms of dental biofilm

A maioria das doenças que acometem a cavidade bucal é de origem infecciosa. Têm sido pesquisadas várias categorias de agentes químicos a fim de controlar o biofilme dental, por meio de estratégias que visem à redução da adesão bacteriana. O óleo essencial extraído da Matricaria recutita Linn. exibe alguma atividade antimicrobiana sobre certas espécies de bactérias, fungos e vírus. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a atividade antiaderente do extrato desta planta sobre cepas do biofilme dental. Como resultado, observou-se que a camomila demonstrou efeito na inibição da síntese do glucano - representada pela inibição da aderência, no modelo de estudo - sobre os principais microorganismos responsáveis pela consolidação do biofilme dental.

Most of the diseases that visit the buccal cavity is of infectious origin, having been searched some categories of chemical agents to control dental biofilm, through strategies that aim at the reduction of the bacterial adhesion. The extracted essential oil of the Matricaria recutita Linn. shows some antimicrobial activity on certain species of bacteria, fungus and virus, then, the objective of our research was to evaluate the antiadherent activity of the extract of this plant on bacterias of dental biofilm. It was observed that Matricaria demonstrated effect in the inhibition of the synthesis of glucan represented for the inhibition of the adherence, in the model of study, on the main responsible microorganismos for the consolidation of dental biofilm.

Metabolitos secundarios en los extractos secos de Passiflora incarnata L., Matricaria recutita L. y Morinda citrifolia L. / Secondary metabolites in Passiflora incarnate L., Matricaria recutita L. and Morinda citrifolia L. dry extracts

INTRODUCCIÓN: resulta de interés establecer una tecnología propia para la elaboración y el establecimiento de especificaciones de calidad en diversas formulaciones sólidas de extractos secos de Passiflora incarnata L. (pasiflora), Matricaria recutita L. (manzanilla) y Morinda citrifolia L. (noni). OBJETIVOS: realizar los estudios fitoquímicos y analizar parámetros de control de calidad de los extractos secos de Passiflora incarnata L., Matricaria recutita L. y Morinda citrifolia L. MÉTODOS: para el estudio fitoquímico por cromatografía en capa delgada se emplearon técnicas simples, rápidas, selectivas y con equipamiento mínimo para determinados compuestos. Para el análisis de los parámetros de calidad, se aplicaron los ensayos descritos en la Norma Ramal del Ministerio de Salud Pública (NRSP 309). RESULTADOS: se comprobó la presencia de flavonoides, aminoácidos, aminas, azúcares y oligosacaridos en los 3 extractos secos estudiados. En el de M. citrifolia se observó además la presencia de compuestos antraquinónicos y terpenos, mientras que en M. recutita se identificó la presencia de coumarinas. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados obtenidos demostraron que los 3 extractos se encuentran dentro de los límites establecidos para su empleo como principio activo de origen natural.

INTRODUCTION: it is interesting to develop our own technology to work out and to set quality specifications for different solid formulations of Passiflora incarnata L. ((passiflora), Maricaria recutita L. (chamomile) and Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) dry extracts. OBJECTIVES: to conduct phytochemical studies on and to examine the quality control parameters of Passiflora incarnata L. Maricaria recutita L. and Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) dry extracts. METHODS: for the phytochemical study based on thin layer chromatography, quick, simple and selective techniques were used, and minimal amount of equipment was employed for certain compounds. The analysis of the quality control parameters included the assays described in the Branch Standard of the Ministry of Public Health known as NRSP 309. RESULTS: flavonoids, aminoacids, amines, sugars and oligosaccharides were found in the three dry extracts under study. Antraquninone compounds and terpens were observed in the M. citrifolia extract whereas coumarins were present in the M. recutita leaf extract. CONCLUSIONS: the results proved that the three extracts are within the set limits for their use as natural active principle.